Analysts back Trump’s USAID cuts in Africa, say increased trade will better benefit continent’s poor

Introduction: The Shift from Aid to Trade in Africa’s Future

The recent policy change under President Donald Trump’s administration, which froze foreign aid, has sparked a significant debate about the future of U.S.-Africa relations. Key analysts and African leaders argue that the key to unlocking Africa’s potential lies not in receiving aid from the U.S. but in increasing trade. This shift in perspective challenges the traditional narrative of aid as the primary tool for development and highlights the importance of economic partnerships. Figures like Frans Cronje and Anna Mahjar-Barducci emphasize that trade fosters sustainable growth and reforms, unlike aid, which often perpetuates dependency and inefficiency.

The Problem with Aid: Perpetuating Dependency and Poor Governance

Critics argue that foreign aid often fails to address the root causes of poverty and instead props up corrupt governments. Aid can act as a subsidy to inefficient or authoritarian regimes, preventing necessary reforms. Anna Mahjar-Barducci notes that aid typically flows to governments rather than directly to the people, enriching bureaucrats while leaving ordinary citizens poorer. This creates a cycle of dependency, stifling entrepreneurship and innovation. Therefore, aid, while well-intentioned, often hinders long-term economic development and self-reliance.

Trade as a Catalyst for Economic Growth and Reforms

Trade, on the other hand, is seen as a more effective route to building strong relationships with Africa. The U.S. traded $71.6 billion with Africa in 2024, dwarfing the $11 billion in aid. This imbalance underscores the potential for trade to drive sustainable growth. By engaging in trade, African countries are incentivized to implement reforms and improve governance, creating a more favorable environment for business. This approach aligns with President Trump’s emphasis on transactional diplomacy, where economic partnerships are prioritized over aid.

African Voices: A Call for Self-Reliance and Entrepreneurship

African leaders and intellectuals are increasingly advocating for a shift from aid to trade. Senator Ledama Olekina of Kenya emphasized his country’s ability to develop independently, stating, "We don’t need aid in Kenya; we can do it on our own!" Similarly, Nigerian expert Mfonobong Inyang argued that foreign aid should be a temporary measure, not a long-term strategy. Many African economists see the suspension of U.S. aid as an opportunity to redefine development strategies, focusing on innovation, local governance, and partnerships. This perspective reflects a growing desire for self-reliance and entrepreneurship across the continent.

China’s Economic Strategy in Africa: A Model for Trade

China’s approach in Africa offers a compelling example of the benefits of trade over aid. Through its Belt and Road Initiative, China has invested heavily in infrastructure development, trade, and investment, surpassing the U.S. as a key economic partner. Analysts describe China’s strategy as "Chopsticks Mercantilism," where deals are structured to favor Chinese interests in exchange for access to natural resources. While some criticize this approach, it highlights the importance of trade in fostering economic ties. The U.S. is urged to adopt a similar focus on trade to remain competitive in Africa.

The Way Forward: U.S. Engagement Through Trade and Investment

To secure strong economic and diplomatic relations with Africa, the U.S. must prioritize trade and investment. By doing so, it can help build sustainable economies without burdening American taxpayers. However, the U.S. faces a challenge as it lags behind China in trade and investment in Africa. Analysts like Frans Cronje urge American policymakers to focus on closing this gap, recognizing that trade offers a more sustainable and mutually beneficial path forward. As Africa continues to grow, the U.S. must adapt its strategy to reflect the shifting dynamics of global economics and diplomacy.