Sudan scene of world’s worst humanitarian crisis: African Union

The Escalating Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan: A Call to Action

The civil war in Sudan has spiralled into what the African Union (AU) describes as the "worst humanitarian crisis in the world." The conflict, which erupted in April 2023, pits the Sudanese military government against the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). This relentless violence has not only displaced an estimated 12 million people but has also created a catastrophic situation where aid delivery is severely hampered. Officials warn that the war has disrupted access to humanitarian relief, leading to a scarcity of food and worsening hunger. Mohamed Ibn Chambas, chairperson of the AU High Level Panel on Sudan (HLP-Sudan), underscored the gravity of the situation, stating that "children and women are continually abused, and the elderly and sick lack medical assistance." The crisis has reached a point where hundreds of thousands of children are malnourished, with hospital admissions for malnutrition rising by 44% in 2024, according to Wilson Almeida Adao, a senior AU official for child welfare. Over 431,000 children are now receiving treatment for malnutrition, a stark reminder of the dire conditions on the ground.

The Plight of Civilians: Attacks on Schools, Hospitals, and the Recruitment of Child Soldiers

The conflict in Sudan has exacted a devastating toll on civilians, particularly the most vulnerable populations. Reports of grave human rights violations are mounting, with attacks on schools and hospitals becoming alarmingly common. The forced recruitment of child soldiers has also been documented, a harrowing reality that highlights the brutal nature of the conflict. Wilson Almeida Adao further emphasized the scale of the crisis, noting that "we witness reports of grave violations, including attacks on schools and hospitals, forced recruitment of child soldiers, and the denial of humanitarian access." These atrocities are not only a violation of international law but also a bleak testament to the failure of the warring parties to protect civilians. The situation in Darfur, where the RSF has been accused of blocking aid, is particularly dire. Clementine Nkweta-Salami, the UN resident and humanitarian coordinator in Sudan, condemned the "persistent restrictions and bureaucratic hurdles" imposed by the RSF’s humanitarian agency, which she said are preventing life-saving assistance from reaching those in desperate need.

A Collapsing Healthcare System: The Elderly and Sick Left Behind

The conflict has also led to the collapse of Sudan’s healthcare system, leaving the elderly and sick without access to essential medical care. The ongoing violence has disrupted supply chains, making it difficult to deliver medicines and other vital supplies. Hospitals, already overwhelmed by the influx of malnourished children, are struggling to cope with the additional burden of treating the wounded and sick. The elderly, who are often the most vulnerable in such crises, are being left behind as the healthcare system fails to meet their needs. Mohamed Ibn Chambas painted a grim picture of the situation, stating that "the elderly and sick lack medical assistance." This neglect is further exacerbated by the warring parties’ disregard for humanitarian norms, with attacks on medical facilities and staff adding to the chaos. The international community has called for an immediate cessation of hostilities to allow aid workers to reach those in need, but so far, these appeals have fallen on deaf ears.

The Role of the International Community: A Call for Political Dialogue

The international community, including the United Nations and the African Union, has been vocal in its condemnation of the ongoing conflict and its devastating impact on civilians. However, despite repeated calls for a ceasefire and humanitarian access, the situation on the ground remains unchanged. The AU has called for an "inter-Sudanese political dialogue," emphasizing that a military solution is not viable. Mohamed Ibn Chambas was clear in his assertion that "only inter-Sudanese political dialogue, not the military option, can end this war." He also pointed out that "external interference has equally contributed to why the war has lasted this long," highlighting the complex web of interests at play. The AU has pledged to engage all Sudanese parties, including civilians and political actors, in an inclusive solution to the crisis. Ambassador Bankole Adeoye, AU commissioner for political affairs, peace and security, reiterated this commitment, stating that "we are and will continue engaging all Sudanese parties… in an all-inclusive solution of the crisis and a comprehensive political dialogue to restore constitutional democracy in Sudan."

A Glimmer of Hope: The Road Map for a Post-War Transitional Government

Despite the bleak outlook, there is a glimmer of hope on the horizon. On Sunday, Sudan’s military government unveiled a road map for a post-war transitional government, a move that could potentially pave the way for peace talks. The military has been pressing the RSF back in recent weeks, gaining ground in key areas. However, the road map’s success will depend on the willingness of both sides to engage in meaningful dialogue and to prioritize the needs of the Sudanese people. The international community has welcomed the initiative, but there is skepticism about whether it will translate into tangible progress. For now, the focus remains on delivering aid to those in need and ensuring that the warring parties respect humanitarian norms. The AU and the UN have reiterated their commitment to supporting the Sudanese people, but the ultimate solution lies in the hands of the Sudanese themselves.

Conclusion: The Urgent Need for Peace and Accountability

The humanitarian crisis in Sudan is a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of war and the failure of the international community to act decisively. The ongoing conflict has created a situation where millions of people are struggling to survive, with children, women, and the elderly bearing the brunt of the violence. The warring parties must be held accountable for their actions, particularly the attacks on civilians and the denial of humanitarian access. The international community must also do more to support the AU’s efforts to broker a peace deal and ensure that aid reaches those in need. Ultimately, the only way to end this crisis is through an inclusive political dialogue that prioritizes the restoration of constitutional democracy and the well-being of the Sudanese people. The world cannot afford to stand by as Sudan descends further into chaos; the time for action is now.