With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: China’s Stance on Global Leadership

The Call for Responsible Leadership in a Changing World

In a significant address on Friday, Wang Yi, China’s top diplomat and head of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, emphasized the critical role of major powers in upholding the international order. Wang underscored the importance of leading by example, particularly in upholding integrity and the rule of law. He called for major powers to oppose double standards and selective application of international laws, while also avoiding practices such as bullying, market manipulation, and plunder. These remarks were not just a statement of principle but also a clear signal of China’s self-proclaimed role as a responsible major power on the global stage.

Wang’s words were not delivered in a vacuum. They came at a time when the global order is being reshaped by geopolitical tensions, economic competition, and the rise of multipolarity. By positioning China as a champion of fairness and integrity, Wang aimed to draw a stark contrast between Beijing’s approach and what many perceive as the unilateral and expansionist policies of the United States under former President Donald Trump. Analysts suggest that Wang’s remarks were part of a broader strategy to portray China as a reliable and responsible global leader, particularly in the eyes of developing nations.

The Strategic Messaging Behind China’s Stance

China’s emphasis on being a responsible major power is not merely rhetorical; it is a carefully crafted strategy to enhance its global influence. By presenting itself as a defender of international norms and a voice for fairness, China seeks to differentiate itself from what it perceives as a declining U.S.-led order. This messaging is particularly aimed at developing countries, which are often disenchanted with the current global system and are seeking alternatives. China’s narrative of being a responsible power resonates strongly with these nations, many of which have historically suffered from colonialism, exploitation, and unilateral policies imposed by Western powers.

However, analysts caution that not all countries are likely to be convinced by China’s pitch. While some developing nations may find China’s rhetoric appealing, others may view it with skepticism, especially given Beijing’s selective application of its own principles. For instance, China often presents itself as a champion of the Global South, but it has also been criticized for practices that contradict its stated commitments, such as asserting its territorial claims in the South China Sea and engaging in economic practices that some label as neo-colonial.

The Challenges of Leading by Example

One of the key challenges China faces in promoting itself as a responsible major power is the need to practice what it preaches. Analysts point out that China’s ability to inspire confidence in its leadership will depend on its willingness to adhere to the principles it advocates for. For instance, if China is seen as engaging in the very practices it condemns—such as bullying smaller nations or selectively applying international rules—its credibility as a responsible power will suffer.

Moreover, China’s strategy of positioning itself as a responsible major power is not without risks. If Beijing is perceived as failing to live up to its own standards, its efforts to win over the trust and support of other nations could backfire. This is particularly true in the long term, as nations are likely to judge China not just by its words but by its actions. The gap between rhetoric and reality could undermine China’s attempts to build a coalition of like-minded states.

The Dual Identity of China as a Major Power

One of the interesting contradictions in China’s approach to global leadership is its tendency to adopt different identities depending on the international context. On one hand, China presents itself as a major power with global responsibilities, calling on other nations to follow its lead. On the other hand, it often identifies as a developing country, particularly when it suits its interests. For example, in forums like the World Trade Organization, China has been known to downplay its status as a major power and instead emphasize its solidarity with the Global South.

This dual identity is a deliberate strategy to maximize China’s influence across different arenas. By positioning itself as both a major power and a developing nation, China seeks to appeal to a broad range of countries. In the process, it aims to build bonds with developing nations while also asserting its leadership on the global stage. However, this approach can also create confusion and skepticism, as other nations may struggle to reconcile China’s multiple identities.

Building Bonds with the Global South

China’s efforts to build solidarity with the Global South are a key aspect of its strategy to position itself as a responsible major power. By identifying itself as a developing country, China seeks to create a sense of shared purpose with nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. These regions, which are home to many poor and vulnerable states, often feel marginalized in global governance and are eager for alternatives to the existing international order.

China’s outreach to the Global South is not just about rhetoric; it is backed by concrete actions such as infrastructure investments, trade agreements, and development assistance. Programs like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have been instrumental in fostering economic ties between China and developing nations. However, some critics argue that China’s engagement with the Global South is not entirely altruistic and may come with strings attached. For instance, China’s loans and investments have been criticized for burdening developing nations with debt, raising questions about the long-term sustainability of its approach.

The Road Ahead: China’s Quest for Global Influence

As China continues to assert its role as a responsible major power, the success of its strategy will depend on its ability to navigate the complexities of global governance. On one hand, China has made significant strides in positioning itself as a leader on issues such as climate change, trade, and economic development. Its ability to deliver on its commitments will be critical to building trust and credibility with other nations.

On the other hand, China’s dual identity as both a major power and a developing nation presents challenges. While this approach allows China to appeal to a wide range of countries, it also risks creating confusion and skepticism. To avoid undermining its credibility, China must ensure that its actions align with its rhetoric, particularly in areas where it has been accused of hypocrisy.

In conclusion, China’s assertion of its role as a responsible major power is a significant development in global politics. While the strategy has the potential to enhance China’s influence, it also carries risks that could undermine its efforts. As the global order continues to evolve, China’s ability to lead by example and practice what it preaches will be crucial in determining its success as a responsible major power.