Understanding Cyclone History and Flood Risks

Cyclones and Their Impact on Flooding

Cyclones have long been a source of significant flooding in Australia, particularly in regions near the Queensland-New South Wales (NSW) border. Historical records reveal that category 2 cyclones in 1974 and 1954 caused widespread flooding across multiple regions, including Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Lismore, and even as far south as Coffs Harbour. These events underscore the potential for cyclones to bring devastating flooding, even if they weaken to ex-tropical cyclones before making landfall. Experts caution that while it’s impossible to predict with certainty, the current conditions could mirror those of past disasters, making preparedness crucial.

In 2017, ex-tropical cyclone Debbie provided a stark reminder of the dangers of cyclone-related flooding. After crossing the coastline near the NSW-Queensland border, Debbie caused widespread flooding in Brisbane, disrupting life and property. Similarly, Cyclone Zoe, which struck in March 1974, flooding areas from Brisbane to Coffs Harbour, led to the evacuation of approximately 200 people from Murwillumbah and 500 families from Lismore. These historical events highlight the cyclones’ ability to traverse vast distances and affect numerous communities.

The Legacy of Past Cyclones and Flooding

One of the most significant cyclones to impact the region was the Great Gold Coast Cyclone of February 1954. This system caused catastrophic damage and loss of life, with the Bureau of Meteorology reporting between 26 and 30 fatalities due to severe winds, storm surges, and flooding. The cyclone’s impact stretched from Brisbane to Grafton in NSW, with some areas receiving up to 900 millimeters of rain. Such extreme weather conditions are a grim reminder of the destructive power of cyclones and the importance of understanding their historical patterns.

More recently, in March 2013, ex-tropical cyclone Oswald brought torrential rain to Queensland and northern NSW. The resulting floods isolated communities and claimed seven lives, including a tragic incident where a three-year-old boy was struck by a falling gum tree while watching the floodwaters rise with his parents in Brisbane. These events illustrate the unpredictability and deadly nature of cyclone-related flooding, which can affect even unexpected areas.

Flooding as a Leading Cause of Death

Flooding, often the aftermath of cyclones, remains the deadliest aspect of these storms. According to experts, most lives lost in flood-related incidents occur when individuals choose to enter floodwaters, often underestimating the risks. Research has shown that 84% of motorists ignore road closure signs, with younger men, outdoor workers, and drivers of four-wheel-drive vehicles being the most likely to take such risks. The dangers of floodwaters are compounded by their unpredictability, with currents that can be faster and deeper than they appear. Hidden hazards like washed-out roads and rapidly changing conditions further heighten the risks.

Lessons from Recent Floods

In 2022, northern NSW and Brisbane experienced devastating floods, though these were caused not by a cyclone but by a slow-moving east coast low-pressure system. The floods were nonetheless catastrophic, inundating homes and disrupting life in the region. This event, along with previous cyclone-related floods, serves as a reminder of the importance of heeding warnings and avoiding floodwaters. As the saying goes, “If it’s flooded, forget it.” This simple yet life-saving message continues to resonate in communities that have endured the wrath of cyclones and their aftermath.

Moving Forward with Caution and Preparedness

Cyclones and their associated flooding pose a persistent threat to communities in eastern Australia, particularly near the NSW-Queensland border. Historical events, such as the 1954 Great Gold Coast Cyclone and Cyclone Zoe in 1974, serve as a reminder of the dangers of underestimating these storms. By learning from the past and adhering to safety guidelines, residents can reduce their risk of harm. As the region braces for future cyclones, staying informed, following evacuation orders, and avoiding floodwaters remain critical steps in ensuring safety and minimizing loss of life.